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Back Interfacing of Temperature Sensor (LM35) with Arduino Uno. What is a Temperature Sensor? LM35 is a precision temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in C). With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 C temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to ambient temperature; its scale factor is 0.01V/ C. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Temperature Sensor(LM35) 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Parameter Value VCC 5 V DC from your Arduino Ground GND from your Arduino Out Connect to Analog Pin A0 Tested Programming Code: float tempC; int reading; int tempPin = 0; void setup() { analogReference(INTERNAL); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { reading = analogRead(tempPin); tempC = reading / 9.31; Serial.print("Temprature= "); Serial.print(tempC); Serial.print("*C"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Temperature Sensor for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Temperature Sensor does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor. There you can see the Temperature of the surroundings. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of LDR Sensor Module with Arduino Uno. What is a LDR Sensor Module ? LDR sensor module is used to detect the intensity of light. It is associated with both analog output pin and digital output pin labelled as AO and DO respectively on the board. When there is light, the resistance of LDR will become low according to the intensity of light. The greater the intensity of light, the lower the resistance of LDR. The sensor has a potentiometer knob that can be adjusted to change the sensitivity of LDR towards light. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 LDR Sensor Module 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Parameter Value VCC 5 V DC from your Arduino Ground GND from your Arduino A0 Connect to Analog Pin A0 Tested Programming Code: int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for LDR int sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); //sets serial port for communication } void loop() { sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin); // read the value from the sensor Serial.println(sensorValue); //prints the values coming from the sensor on the screen delay(100); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of LDR Sensor Module for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if LDR Sensor Module does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to open your serial monitor to check the readings. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Buzzer with Arduino Uno. What is a Buzzer? Buzzers are used for making beep alarms and tones. They can be used in alarm systems, for keypad feedback, or some games. Lightweight, simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicators, computers, call bells etc. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Buzzer 1 Jumper cables 5 Resistor 1(100 ohms) Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: The Connections are pretty simple: Connect the Supply wire (RED) of the buzzer to the Digital Pin 9 of the Arduino through a 100-ohm resistor. Connect the Ground wire (BLACK) of the buzzer to any Ground Pin on the Arduino. Tested Programming Code: This code is to generate an alarm type of sound. The tone is an Arduino Library to produce a square wave of the specified frequency (and 50% duty cycle) on any Arduino pin. const int buzzerPin = 9; void setup() { Serial.begin(8600); pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); void loop() { tone(buzzerPin, 50); delay(50); noTone(buzzerPin); delay(100); } } Precautions: 1. Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of Buzzer for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Buzzer does not run properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can Use Buzzer as an Alarm and many Other Alerting Devices . Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Analog Joystick Interfacing with Arduino UNO. What is an Analog Joystick ? Analog joystick produces two voltages; one corresponding to position with respect to X-axis and another corresponding to the position with respect to Y-axis. The voltages produced depend on the position of the joystick. The Analog Joystick is similar to two potentiometers connected together, one for the vertical movement (Y-axis) and other for the horizontal movement (X-axis). The joystick also comes with a Select switch . It can be very handy for retro gaming, robot control or RC cars. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Analog Joystick 1 Jumper cables 5 Pinout Diagram: We need 5 connections to the joystick. The connection are : SW( Switch), Y, X, Voltage and Ground. “Y and X” are Analog and “Switch” is Digital. If you don’t need the switch then you can use only 4 pins. Circuit Diagram: This is circuit diagram of Analog Joystick module in Arduino. There five pins in analog Joystick Module VCC, GND, SW, X, and Y. X and Y are Analog pins and SW is digital. Key will be used when Joystick is pressed. Connect VCC of the module to +5v of Arduino and GND of the module to Arduino Ground. Now, connect X to Analog pin A0 and Y to Analog pin A1 of Arduino.. Tested Programming Code: This is code for interfacing analog Joystick Module in Arduino. First initialized the pin numbers of Joystick Module. In setup, the Serial Monitor is started at 9600 Baud and initialized Joystick pins as input. In the loop, read the button state and stored in a variable. Print the values to the Serial Monitor. const int joystick_x_pin = A2; const int joystick_y_pin = A1; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); /* Define baud rate for serial communication */ } void loop() { int x_adc_val, y_adc_val; float x_volt, y_volt; x_adc_val = analogRead(joystick_x_pin); y_adc_val = analogRead(joystick_y_pin); x_volt = ( ( x_adc_val * 5.0 ) / 1023 ); /*Convert digital value to voltage */ y_volt = ( ( y_adc_val * 5.0 ) / 1023 ); /*Convert digital value to voltage */ Serial.print("X_Voltage = "); Serial.print(x_volt); Serial.print("\t"); Serial.print("Y_Voltage = "); Serial.println(y_volt); delay(100); } Checking Values on Serial Monitor: After Uploading The program Successfully into the Arduino Board , we Can Check the Values of X and Y Serial Monitor The Image of the Serial monitor Is shown Below : Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Connect the Wiper pin of potentiometer correctly. 6. Don’t lose hope if Joystick does not runs properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can successfully display data on a the Serial Monitor of the Joystick in simplest way using Arduino. Many forms of data can be displayed on this display, whether it can be a data from sensor or anything else. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Motion Detection using PIR Sensor with Arduino What is a PIR sensor? PIR sensors allow you to sense motion. They are used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensor’s range. They are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used at home or for businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors. Following are the advantages of PIR Sensors − · Small in size · Wide lens range · Easy to interface· · Inexpensive · Low-power · Easy to use · Do not wear out Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 PIR Motion Sensor 1 Jumper cables 3 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Working: The module actually consists of a Pyroelectric sensor which generates energy when exposed to heat. That means when a human or animal body will get in the range of the sensor it will detect a movement because the human or animal body emits heat energy in a form of infrared radiation. That’s where the name of the sensor comes from, a Passive Infra-Red sensor. And the term “passive” means that sensor is not using any energy for detecting purposes, it just works by detecting the energy given off by the other objects. The module also consists a specially designed cover named Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto the pyroelectric sensor. You can adjust the sensor sensitivity and delay time via two variable resistors located at the bottom of the sensor board. Tested Programming Code: /* * PIR sensor tester */ int ledPin = 13; // choose the pin for the LED int inputPin = 2; // choose the input pin (for PIR sensor) int pirState = LOW; // we start, assuming no motion detected int val= 0; // variable for reading the pin status void setup() { pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // declare LED as output pinMode(inputPin, INPUT); // declare sensor as input Serial.begin(9600); } void loop(){ val = digitalRead(inputPin); // read input value if (val == HIGH) { // check if the input is HIGH digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turn LED ON if (pirState == LOW) { // we have just turned on Serial.println("Motion detected!"); // We only want to print on the output change, not state pirState = HIGH; } } else { digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turn LED OFF if (pirState == HIGH) { // we have just turned of Serial.println("Motion ended!"); // We only want to print on the output change, not state pirState = LOW; } } } Precautions: 1. Double Check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check Whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Don’t come in range of the sensor, else it will be always triggering ON. Conclusion: You can successfully check for Motion Detection using an IR sensor. Many more other applications can be made using PIR Motion sensor as it has many possibilities to work with. Output: Once the sensor detects any motion, Arduino will send a message via the serial port to say that a motion is detected. The PIR sense motion will delay for certain time to check if there is a new motion. If there is no motion detected, Arduino will send a new message saying that the motion has ended. Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring Distance using Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino What is an Ultrasonic Sensor? An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by using sound waves. It measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and listening for that sound wave to bounce back. By recording the elapsed time between the sound wave being generated and the sound wave bouncing back, it is possible to calculate the distance between the sonar sensor and the object. Since it is known that sound travels through air at about 344 m/s (1129 ft/s), you can take the time for the sound wave to return and multiply it by 344 meters (or 1129 feet) to find the total round-trip distance of the sound wave. Round-trip means that the sound wave traveled 2 times the distance to the object before it was detected by the sensor; it includes the 'trip' from the sonar sensor to the object AND the 'trip' from the object to the Ultrasonic sensor (after the sound wave bounced off the object). To find the distance to the object, simply divide the round-trip distance in half. Pinout diagram: Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Ultrasonic Sensor 1 Jumper cables 4 Circuit Diagram: Working: It emits an ultrasound at 40 000 Hz which travels through the air and if there is an object or obstacle on its path It will bounce back to the module. Considering the travel time and the speed of the sound you can calculate the distance. The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module has 4 pins, Ground, VCC, Trig and Echo. The Ground and the VCC pins of the module needs to be connected to the Ground and the 5 volts pins on the Arduino Board respectively and the trig and echo pins to any Digital I/O pin on the Arduino Board. In order to generate the ultrasound, you need to set the Trig on a High State for 10 µs. That will send out an 8 cycle sonic burst which will travel at the speed sound and it will be received in the Echo pin. The Echo pin will output the time in microseconds the sound waves traveled. For example, if the object is 10 cm away from the sensor, and the speed of the sound is 340 m/s or 0.034 cm/µs the sound wave will need to travel about 294 u seconds. But what you will get from the Echo pin will be double that number because the sound waves needs to travel forward and bounce backward. So in order to get the distance in cm we need to multiply the received travel time value from the echo pin by 0.034 and divide it by 2. Tested Programming Code: // defines pins numbers const int trigPin = 9; const int echoPin = 10; // defines variables long duration; int distance; void setup() { pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication } void loop() { // Clears the trigPin digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Calculating the distance distance= duration*0.034/2; // Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor Serial.print("Distance: "); Serial.println(distance); } Precautions: 1. Double Check the connections before powering on thecircuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check Whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Conclusion: You can Measure distance using this ultrasonic sensor, without use of any measuring tape or high priced instrument. Many more other applications can be made using ultrasonic sensor as it has many possibilities to work with. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Measuring water flow rate and calculating quantity using Flow Sensor with Arduino. What is a Water Flow Sensor? The water flow sensor consists of a plastic valve body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through the rotor, the rotor rolls. Its speed changes with different rates of flow. The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal. This one is suitable to detect flow in a water dispenser or coffee machine. Specifications · Mini. Working Voltage: DC 4.5V · Max. Working Current: 15mA (DC 5V) · Working Voltage: DC 5V · Flow Rate Range: 1~30L/min · Operating Temperature: 80 C · Liquid Temperature: 120 · Operating Humidity: 35%~90%RH · Water Pressure: 1.75MPa Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Water Flow Sensor 1 Jumper cables 3 Pinout Diagram: Working: This illustration gives a detailed working method of the Hall effect sensor-based water flow sensor, a turbine wheel embedded with a magnet is placed on a closed plastic envelope and a Hall effect sensor is placed, When the water flows through the pipeline, it makes the turbine wheel to rotate and hence the magnet flux interferes the hall sensor, the rate of interference depends on the speed of water flow, so the hall effect sensor produces pulse signal output, this pulse output can be calculated as water volume. Circuit Diagram: Connect the +5V wire to Arduino power pin 5V and Ground pin to Gnd then connect the Signal pin to Digital pin D2, this sensor has a control circuit hence there is no need for pull up resistor, some sensor requires to pull up resistors refer to the datasheet of water flow sensor before concluding hookup. Tested Programming Code: The code uses an external interrupt on the Arduino's digital pin 2. This is used to read the pulses coming from the flow meter. When the Arduino detects the pulse, it immediately triggers the pulseCounter() function. This function then counts the total number of pulses. In this Arduino flow rate sensor, for every liter of liquid passing through it per minute, it outputs about 4.5 pulses. Dividing the total pulse count by 4.5 will give you the total amount of liquid passing through it in liters per minute. Dividing that by 60 will give you the flow rate in liters per hour, which gives us the total amount or quantity of water/liquid that has passed through it. The sensor is accurate to within 3%. Code: byte statusLed = 13; byte sensorInterrupt = 0; byte sensorPin = 2; float calibrationFactor = 4.5; volatile byte pulseCount; float flowRate; unsigned int flowMilliLitres; unsigned long totalMilliLitres; unsigned long oldTime; void setup() { Serial.begin(38400); pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH); pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); digitalWrite(sensorPin, HIGH); pulseCount = 0; flowRate = 0.0; flowMilliLitres = 0; totalMilliLitres = 0; oldTime = 0; attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING); } void loop() { if((millis() - oldTime) > 1000) // Only process counters once per second { detachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt); flowRate = ((1000.0 / (millis() - oldTime)) * pulseCount) / calibrationFactor; oldTime = millis(); flowMilliLitres = (flowRate / 60) * 1000; totalMilliLitres += flowMilliLitres; unsigned int frac; Serial.print("Flow rate: "); Serial.print(int(flowRate)); Serial.print("."); frac = (flowRate - int(flowRate)) * 10; Serial.print(frac, DEC) ; Serial.print("L/min"); Serial.print(" Current Liquid Flowing: "); Serial.print(flowMilliLitres); Serial.print("mL/Sec"); Serial.print(" Output Liquid Quantity: "); Serial.print(totalMilliLitres); Serial.println("mL"); pulseCount = 0; attachInterrupt(sensorInterrupt, pulseCounter, FALLING); } } void pulseCounter() { pulseCount++; } Precautions: Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Please keep your hardware away from water except, the water flow sensor. Conclusion: You can successfully measure the flow rate and quantity of the water flowing through a pipe through a cross-sectional area. This sensor can be deployed in many ways like water level automation systems, water meters, etc. Output: Situation Screenshot: Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Displaying a text message on LCD Display using 16X2 Segment Display with Arduino. What is a LCD Display ? A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images with low information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 16X2 Segment Display 1 Jumper cables 20 10 k Potentiometer 1 Pinout Diagram: It has 16 pins and the first one from left to right is the Ground pin. The second pin is the VCC which we connect the 5 volts pin on the Arduino Board. Next is the Vo pin on which we can attach a potentiometer for controlling the contrastof the display. Next, The RS pin or register select pin is used for selecting whether we will send commands or data to the LCD. For example if the RS pin is set on low state or zero volts, then we are sending commands to the LCD like: set the cursor to a specific location, clear the display, turn off the display and so on. And when RS pin is set on High state or 5 volts we are sendingdata or characters to the LCD. After all we don’t have to worry much about how the LCD works, as the Liquid Crystal Library takes care for almost everything. From the Arduino’s official website you can find and see the functions of the library which enable easy use of the LCD. We can use the Library in 4 or 8 bit mode. In this tutorial we will use it in 4 bit mode, or we will just use 4 of the 8 data pins. Circuit Diagram: We will use just 6 digital input pins from the Arduino Board. The LCD’s registers from D4 to D7 will be connected to Arduino’s digital pins from 4 to 7. The Enable pin will be connected to pin number 2 and the RS pin will be connected to pin number 1. The R/W pin will be connected to Ground and the Vo pin will be connected to the potentiometer. Tested Programming Code: First thing we need to do is it insert the Liquid Crystal Library. We can do that like this: Sketch > Include Library > Liquid Crystal. Then we have to create an LC object. The parameters of this object should be the numbers of the Digital Input pins of the Arduino Board respectively to the LCD’s pins as follow: (RS, Enable, D4, D5, D6, D7). In the setup we have to initialize the interface to the LCD and specify the dimensions of the display using thebegin() function. In the loop we write our main program. Using the print() function we print on the LCD. The setCursor()function is used for setting the location at which subsequent text written to the LCD will be displayed. The blink() function is used for displaying a blinking cursor and the noBlink() function for turning off. The cursor() function is used for displaying underscore cursor and the noCursor() function for turning off. Using the clear() function we can clear the LCD screen. // include the library code: #include // initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin // with the arduino pin number it is connected to const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2; LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7); void setup() { // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd.begin(16, 2); // Print a message to the LCD. lcd.print("hello, world!"); } void loop() { // set the cursor to column 0, line 1 // (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0): lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // print the number of seconds since reset: lcd.print(millis() / 1000); Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Connect the Wiper pin of potentiometer correctly. 6. Don’t lose hope if LCD does not runs properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can successfully measure display data on a LCD in simplest way using Arduino. Many forms of data can be displayed on this display, whether it can be a data from sensor or a anything else . Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of GSM 800 L Modules with Arduino. What is a GSM Module ? The SIM800L is a cheap and portable GSM breakout board with all the capabilities of the larger SIM900 shields. In this Arduino SIM800L tutorial, I will help you get started with this nifty device. Sending and receiving texts with your Arduino have never been easier! SIM800L Introduction Here are the features of the SIM800L breakout board: 2G quad-band @ 850/900/1800/1900 MHz Receive and make calls using the speaker and microphone outputs Receive and send SMS Connect to the Internet via GPRS Listen to FM radio broadcasts Accepts AT Commands From the specification of SIM800L we would able to find out that its: Operating Voltage: 3.3 - 5 Volts Recommended voltage: 3.4 - 4.4 Volts Recommended Current: 1 – 2 Amp Therefore, if we use voltages below 3.4, either the SIM800L will not work or it will work but not all its features are responding (e.g unable to read SIM card). But if use voltage equal to its MAXIMUM operating voltage, the module might heat up and then got destroyed, or if we use ABOVE operating voltage, well, it will absolutely destroy the module. Most important, we should not supply a current above 2 Amp (e.g 5 Amp) to the module, it will destroy the module even if your voltage is in 3.4 - 4.4 volts range. But here in our tutorial, you will observe that the module get 5V supply from arduino. That’s sound risky, but as my measurement, computation and observation, 5V pin in Arduino generate current from 500mA -1 Amp which gives a maximum power of 5 Watts. 5 watts qualifies from recommended power which would not cause the module to heat up or destroyed. That’s why 5V pin in Arduino qualifies as a supply voltage. If the power to the SIM800L is enough, the on-board LED starts blinking. The frequency of the blinking means something: Every second: searching for a network. Every three seconds: connected to a network. Twice per second: connected through GPRS. Antennas are essential for this kind of module especially if your project is indoors. Without an antenna, there would not be enough transmitting power for the SIM800L to perform GSM services such as calls and SMS. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 SIM 800L 1 Jumper cables 6 Breadboard 1 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Note: Make sure you already inserted your SIM card before powering the module. If not, you will not see any changes in the module LED indicator. SIM800 VCC ↔ Arduino 5v SIM800 GND ↔ Arduino GND SIM800 SIM_TXD ↔ Arduino pin 3 SIM800 SIM_RXD ↔ Arduino pin 2 Step 2: Code Download and Add Adafriut Fona library to your Arduino library. Then open and upload the Fonatest sample code from Adafruit Fona. Open Serial monitor then change baudrate to 115200 and choose NL & CR. Then you'll see Menu of test setup, choose anything you want to test (e.g send and receive message). Tested Programming Code: #include "Adafruit_FONA.h" #define FONA_RX 2 #define FONA_TX 3 #define FONA_RST 4 // this is a large buffer for replies char replybuffer[255]; // We default to using software serial. If you want to use hardware serial // (because softserial isnt supported) comment out the following three lines // and uncomment the HardwareSerial line #include SoftwareSerial fonaSS = SoftwareSerial(FONA_TX, FONA_RX); SoftwareSerial *fonaSerial = &fonaSS; // Hardware serial is also possible! // HardwareSerial *fonaSerial = &Serial1; // Use this for FONA 800 and 808s Adafruit_FONA fona = Adafruit_FONA(FONA_RST); // Use this one for FONA 3G //Adafruit_FONA_3G fona = Adafruit_FONA_3G(FONA_RST); uint8_t readline(char *buff, uint8_t maxbuff, uint16_t timeout = 0); uint8_t type; void setup() { while (!Serial); Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println(F("FONA basic test")); Serial.println(F("Initializing.. (May take 3 seconds)")); fonaSerial->begin(4800); if (! fona.begin(*fonaSerial)) { Serial.println(F("Couldn't find FONA")); while (1); } type = fona.type(); Serial.println(F("FONA is OK")); Serial.print(F("Found ")); switch (type) { case FONA800L: Serial.println(F("FONA 800L")); break; case FONA800H: Serial.println(F("FONA 800H")); break; case FONA808_V1: Serial.println(F("FONA 808 (v1)")); break; case FONA808_V2: Serial.println(F("FONA 808 (v2)")); break; case FONA3G_A: Serial.println(F("FONA 3G (American)")); break; case FONA3G_E: Serial.println(F("FONA 3G (European)")); break; default: Serial.println(F("???")); break; } // Print module IMEI number. char imei[16] = {0}; // MUST use a 16 character buffer for IMEI! uint8_t imeiLen = fona.getIMEI(imei); if (imeiLen > 0) { Serial.print("Module IMEI: "); Serial.println(imei); } // Optionally configure a GPRS APN, username, and password. // You might need to do this to access your network's GPRS/data // network. Contact your provider for the exact APN, username, // and password values. Username and password are optional and // can be removed, but APN is required. //fona.setGPRSNetworkSettings(F("your APN"), F("your username"), F("your password")); // Optionally configure HTTP gets to follow redirects over SSL. // Default is not to follow SSL redirects, however if you uncomment // the following line then redirects over SSL will be followed. //fona.setHTTPSRedirect(true); printMenu(); } void printMenu(void) { Serial.println(F(" ")); Serial.println(F("[?] Print this menu")); Serial.println(F("[a] read the ADC 2.8V max (FONA800 & 808)")); Serial.println(F("[b] read the Battery V and % charged")); Serial.println(F("[C] read the SIM CCID")); Serial.println(F("[U] Unlock SIM with PIN code")); Serial.println(F("[i] read RSSI")); Serial.println(F("[n] get Network status")); Serial.println(F("[v] set audio Volume")); Serial.println(F("[V] get Volume")); Serial.println(F("[H] set Headphone audio (FONA800 & 808)")); Serial.println(F("[e] set External audio (FONA800 & 808)")); Serial.println(F("[T] play audio Tone")); Serial.println(F("[P] PWM/Buzzer out (FONA800 & 808)")); // FM (SIM800 only!) Serial.println(F("[f] tune FM radio (FONA800)")); Serial.println(F("[F] turn off FM (FONA800)")); Serial.println(F("[m] set FM volume (FONA800)")); Serial.println(F("[M] get FM volume (FONA800)")); Serial.println(F("[q] get FM station signal level (FONA800)")); // Phone Serial.println(F("[c] make phone Call")); Serial.println(F("[A] get call status")); Serial.println(F("[h] Hang up phone")); Serial.println(F("[p] Pick up phone")); // SMS Serial.println(F("[N] Number of SMSs")); Serial.println(F("[r] Read SMS #")); Serial.println(F("[R] Read All SMS")); Serial.println(F("[d] Delete SMS #")); Serial.println(F("[s] Send SMS")); Serial.println(F("[u] Send USSD")); // Time Serial.println(F("[y] Enable network time sync (FONA 800 & 808)")); Serial.println(F("[Y] Enable NTP time sync (GPRS FONA 800 & 808)")); Serial.println(F("[t] Get network time")); // GPRS Serial.println(F("[G] Enable GPRS")); Serial.println(F("[g] Disable GPRS")); Serial.println(F("[l] Query GSMLOC (GPRS)")); Serial.println(F("[w] Read webpage (GPRS)")); Serial.println(F("[W] Post to website (GPRS)")); // GPS if ((type == FONA3G_A) || (type == FONA3G_E) || (type == FONA808_V1) || (type == FONA808_V2)) { Serial.println(F("[O] Turn GPS on (FONA 808 & 3G)")); Serial.println(F("[o] Turn GPS off (FONA 808 & 3G)")); Serial.println(F("[L] Query GPS location (FONA 808 & 3G)")); if (type == FONA808_V1) { Serial.println(F("[x] GPS fix status (FONA808 v1 only)")); } Serial.println(F("[E] Raw NMEA out (FONA808)")); } Serial.println(F("[S] create Serial passthru tunnel")); Serial.println(F(" ")); Serial.println(F("")); } void loop() { Serial.print(F("FONA> ")); while (! Serial.available() ) { if (fona.available()) { Serial.write(fona.read()); } } char command = Serial.read(); Serial.println(command); switch (command) { case '?': { printMenu(); break; } case 'a': { // read the ADC uint16_t adc; if (! fona.getADCVoltage(&adc)) { Serial.println(F("Failed to read ADC")); } else { Serial.print(F("ADC = ")); Serial.print(adc); Serial.println(F(" mV")); } break; } case 'b': { // read the battery voltage and percentage uint16_t vbat; if (! fona.getBattVoltage(&vbat)) { Serial.println(F("Failed to read Batt")); } else { Serial.print(F("VBat = ")); Serial.print(vbat); Serial.println(F(" mV")); } if (! fona.getBattPercent(&vbat)) { Serial.println(F("Failed to read Batt")); } else { Serial.print(F("VPct = ")); Serial.print(vbat);Serial.println(F("%")); } break; } case 'U': { // Unlock the SIM with a PIN code char PIN[5]; flushSerial(); Serial.println(F("Enter 4-digit PIN")); readline(PIN, 3); Serial.println(PIN); Serial.print(F("Unlocking SIM card: ")); if (! fona.unlockSIM(PIN)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; } case 'C': { // read the CCID fona.getSIMCCID(replybuffer); // make sure replybuffer is at least 21 bytes! Serial.print(F("SIM CCID = ")); Serial.println(replybuffer); break; } case 'i': { // read the RSSI uint8_t n = fona.getRSSI(); int8_t r; Serial.print(F("RSSI = ")); Serial.print(n); Serial.print(": "); if (n == 0) r = -115; if (n == 1) r = -111; if (n == 31) r = -52; if ((n >= 2) && (n <= 30)) { r = map(n, 2, 30, -110, -54); } Serial.print(r); Serial.println(F(" dBm")); break; } case 'n': { // read the network/cellular status uint8_t n = fona.getNetworkStatus(); Serial.print(F("Network status ")); Serial.print(n); Serial.print(F(": ")); if (n == 0) Serial.println(F("Not registered")); if (n == 1) Serial.println(F("Registered (home)")); if (n == 2) Serial.println(F("Not registered (searching)")); if (n == 3) Serial.println(F("Denied")); if (n == 4) Serial.println(F("Unknown")); if (n == 5) Serial.println(F("Registered roaming")); break; } /*** Audio ***/ case 'v': { // set volume flushSerial(); if ( (type == FONA3G_A) || (type == FONA3G_E) ) { Serial.print(F("Set Vol [0-8] ")); } else { Serial.print(F("Set Vol % [0-100] ")); } uint8_t vol = readnumber(); Serial.println(); if (! fona.setVolume(vol)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; } case 'V': { uint8_t v = fona.getVolume(); Serial.print(v); if ( (type == FONA3G_A) || (type == FONA3G_E) ) { Serial.println(" / 8"); } else { Serial.println("%"); } break; } case 'H': { // Set Headphone output if (! fona.setAudio(FONA_HEADSETAUDIO)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } fona.setMicVolume(FONA_HEADSETAUDIO, 15); break; } case 'e': { // Set External output if (! fona.setAudio(FONA_EXTAUDIO)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } fona.setMicVolume(FONA_EXTAUDIO, 10); break; } case 'T': { // play tone flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Play tone #")); uint8_t kittone = readnumber(); Serial.println(); // play for 1 second (1000 ms) if (! fona.playToolkitTone(kittone, 1000)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; } case 'f': { // get freq flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("FM Freq (eg 1011 == 101.1 MHz): ")); uint16_t station = readnumber(); Serial.println(); // FM radio ON using headset if (fona.FMradio(true, FONA_HEADSETAUDIO)) { Serial.println(F("Opened")); } if (! fona.tuneFMradio(station)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("Tuned")); } break; } case 'F': { // FM radio off if (! fona.FMradio(false)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; } case 'm': { // Set FM volume. flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Set FM Vol [0-6]:")); uint8_t vol = readnumber(); Serial.println(); if (!fona.setFMVolume(vol)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; case 'M': { // Get FM volume. uint8_t fmvol = fona.getFMVolume(); if (fmvol < 0) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.print(F("FM volume: ")); Serial.println(fmvol, DEC); } break; } case 'q': { // Get FM station signal level (in decibels). flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("FM Freq (eg 1011 == 101.1 MHz): ")); uint16_t station = readnumber(); Serial.println(); int8_t level = fona.getFMSignalLevel(station); if (level < 0) { Serial.println(F("Failed! Make sure FM radio is on (tuned to station).")); } else { Serial.print(F("Signal level (dB): ")); Serial.println(level, DEC); } break; } /*** PWM ***/ case 'P': { // PWM Buzzer output @ 2KHz max flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("PWM Freq, 0 = Off, (1-2000): ")); uint16_t freq = readnumber(); Serial.println(); if (! fona.setPWM(freq)) { break; } /*** Call ***/ case 'c': { // call a phone! char number[30]; flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Call #")); readline(number, 30); Serial.println(); Serial.print(F("Calling ")); Serial.println(number); if (!fona.callPhone(number)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("Sent!")); } break; } case 'A': { // get call status int8_t callstat = fona.getCallStatus(); switch (callstat) { case 0: Serial.println(F("Ready")); break; case 1: Serial.println(F("Could not get status")); break; case 3: Serial.println(F("Ringing (incoming)")); break; case 4: Serial.println(F("Ringing/in progress (outgoing)")); break; default: Serial.println(F("Unknown")); break; } break; } case 'h': { // hang up! if (! fona.hangUp()) { break; } case 'p': { // pick up! if (! fona.pickUp()) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } break; } /*** SMS ***/ case 'N': { // read the number of SMS's! int8_t smsnum = fona.getNumSMS(); if (smsnum < 0) { Serial.println(F("Could not read # SMS")); } else { Serial.print(smsnum); Serial.println(F(" SMS's on SIM card!")); } break; } case 'r': { // read an SMS flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Read #")); uint8_t smsn = readnumber(); Serial.print(F("\n\rReading SMS #")); Serial.println(smsn); // Retrieve SMS sender address/phone number. if (! fona.getSMSSender(smsn, replybuffer, 250)) { Serial.println("Failed!"); break; } Serial.print(F("FROM: ")); Serial.println(replybuffer); // Retrieve SMS value. uint16_t smslen; if (! fona.readSMS(smsn, replybuffer, 250, &smslen)) { // pass in buffer and max len! Serial.println("Failed!"); break; } Serial.print(F("***** SMS #")); Serial.print(smsn); Serial.print(" ("); Serial.print(smslen); Serial.println(F(") bytes *****")); Serial.println(replybuffer); Serial.println(F("*****")); break; } case 'R': { // read all SMS int8_t smsnum = fona.getNumSMS(); uint16_t smslen; int8_t smsn; if ( (type == FONA3G_A) || (type == FONA3G_E) ) { smsn = 0; // zero indexed smsnum--; } else { smsn = 1; // 1 indexed } for ( ; smsn <= smsnum; smsn++) { Serial.print(F("\n\rReading SMS #")); Serial.println(smsn); if (!fona.readSMS(smsn, replybuffer, 250, &smslen)) { // pass in buffer and max len! Serial.println(F("Failed!")); break; } // if the length is zero, its a special case where the index number is higher // so increase the max we'll look at! if (smslen == 0) { Serial.println(F("[empty slot]")); smsnum++; continue; } Serial.print(F("***** SMS #")); Serial.print(smsn); Serial.print(" ("); Serial.print(smslen); Serial.println(F(") bytes *****")); Serial.println(replybuffer); Serial.println(F("*****")); } break; } case 'd': { // delete an SMS flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Delete #")); uint8_t smsn = readnumber(); Serial.print(F("\n\rDeleting SMS #")); Serial.println(smsn); if (fona.deleteSMS(smsn)) { Serial.println(F("OK!")); } else { Serial.println(F("Couldn't delete")); } break; } case 's': { // send an SMS! char sendto[21], message[141]; flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Send to #")); readline(sendto, 20); Serial.println(sendto); Serial.print(F("Type out one-line message (140 char): ")); readline(message, 140); Serial.println(message); if (!fona.sendSMS(sendto, message)) { Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("Sent!")); } break; } case 'u': { // send a USSD! char message[141]; flushSerial(); Serial.print(F("Type out one-line message (140 char): ")); readline(message, 140); Serial.println(message); uint16_t ussdlen; if (!fona.sendUSSD(message, replybuffer, 250, &ussdlen)) { // pass in buffer and max len! Serial.println(F("Failed")); } else { Serial.println(F("Sent!")); Serial.print(F("***** USSD Reply")); Serial.print(" ("); Serial.print(ussdlen); Serial.println(F(") bytes *****")); Serial.println(replybuffer); Serial.println(F("*****")); } } /*** Time ***/ case 'y': { // enable network time sync if (!fona.enableNetworkTimeSync(true)) Serial.println(F("Failed to enable")); break; } case 'Y': { // enable NTP time sync if (!fona.enableNTPTimeSync(true, F("pool.ntp.org"))) Serial.println(F("Failed to enable")); break; } case 't': { // read the time char buffer[23]; fona.getTime(buffer, 23); // make sure replybuffer is at least 23 bytes! Serial.print(F("Time = ")); Serial.println(buffer); break; } /*********************************** GPS (SIM808 only) */ case 'o': { // turn GPS off if (!fona.enableGPS(false)) Serial.println(F("Failed to turn off")); break; } case 'O': { // turn GPS on if (!fona.enableGPS(true)) Serial.println(F("Failed to turn on")); break; } case 'x': { int8_t stat; // check GPS fix stat = fona.GPSstatus(); if (stat < 0) Serial.println(F("Failed to query")); if (stat == 0) Serial.println(F("GPS off")); if (stat == 1) Serial.println(F("No fix")); if (stat == 2) Serial.println(F("2D fix")); if (stat == 3) Serial.println(F("3D fix")); break; } case 'L': { // check for GPS location char gpsdata[120]; fona.getGPS(0, gpsdata, 120); if (type == FONA808_V1) Serial.println(F("Reply in format: mode,longitude,latitude,altitude,utctime(yyyymmddHHMMSS),ttff,satellites,speed,course")); else Serial.println(F("Reply in format: mode,fixstatus,utctime(yyyymmddHHMMSS),latitude,longitude,altitude,speed,course,fixmode,reserved1,HDOP, PDOP,VDOP,reserved2,view_satellites,used_satellites,reserved3,C/N0max,HPA,VPA")); Serial.println(gpsdata); break; } case 'E': { flushSerial(); if (type == FONA808_V1) { Serial.print(F("GPS NMEA output sentences (0 = off, 34 = RMC+GGA, 255 = all)")); } else { Serial.print(F("On (1) or Off (0)? ")); } uint8_t nmeaout = readnumber(); // turn on NMEA output fona.enableGPSNMEA(nmeaout); break; } /*********************************** GPRS */ case 'g': { // turn GPRS off if (!fona.enableGPRS(false)) Serial.println(F("Failed to turn off")); break; } case 'G': { // turn GPRS on if (!fona.enableGPRS(true)) Serial.println(F("Failed to turn on")); break; } case 'l': { // check for GSMLOC (requires GPRS) uint16_t returncode; if (!fona.getGSMLoc(&returncode, replybuffer, 250)) Serial.println(F("Failed!")); if (returncode == 0) { Serial.println(replybuffer); } else { Serial.print(F("Fail code #")); Serial.println(returncode); } break; } case 'w': { // read website URL uint16_t statuscode; int16_t length; char url[80]; flushSerial(); Serial.println(F("NOTE: in beta! Use small webpages to read!")); Serial.println(F("URL to read (e.g. www.adafruit.com/testwifi/index.html):") ); Serial.print(F("http://")); readline(url, 79); Serial.println(url); Serial.println(F("****")); if (!fona.HTTP_GET_start(url, &statuscode, (uint16_t *)&length)){ Serial.println("Failed!"); break; } while (length > 0) { while (fona.available()) { char c = fona.read(); // Serial.write is too slow, we'll write directly to Serial register! #if defined(AVR_ATmega328P ) || defined( AVR_ATmega168) loop_until_bit_is_set(UCSR0A, UDRE0); /* Wait until data register empty. */ UDR0 = c; #else #endif } Serial.write(c); length--; if (! length) break; } Serial.println(F("\n****")); fona.HTTP_GET_end(); break; } case 'W': { // Post data to website uint16_t statuscode; int16_t length; char url[80]; char data[80]; flushSerial(); Serial.println(F("NOTE: in beta! Use simple websites to post!")); Serial.println(F("URL to post (e.g. httpbin.org/post):")); Serial.print(F("http://")); readline(url, 79); Serial.println(url); Serial.println(F("Data to post (e.g. \"foo\" or \"{\"simple\":\"json\"}\"):")); readline(data, 79); Serial.println(data); Serial.println(F("****")); if (!fona.HTTP_POST_start(url, F("text/plain"), (uint8_t *) data, strlen(data), &statuscode, (uint16_t *)&length)) { Serial.println("Failed!"); break; } while (length > 0) { while (fona.available()) { char c = fona.read(); #if defined( AVR_ATmega328P ) || defined( AVR_ATmega168 ) loop_until_bit_is_set(UCSR0A, UDRE0); /* Wait until data register empty. */ UDR0 = c; #else #endif Serial.write(c); length--; if (! length) break; } } Serial.println(F("\n****")); fona.HTTP_POST_end(); break; } /*****************************************/ case 'S': { Serial.println(F("Creating SERIAL TUBE")); while (1) { while (Serial.available()) { delay(1); fona.write(Serial.read()); } if (fona.available()) { Serial.write(fona.read()); } } break; } default: { Serial.println(F("Unknown command")); printMenu(); break; } } // flush input flushSerial(); while (fona.available()) { Serial.write(fona.read()); } } void flushSerial() { while (Serial.available()) Serial.read(); } char readBlocking() { while (!Serial.available()); return Serial.read(); } uint16_t readnumber() { uint16_t x = 0; char c; while (! isdigit(c = readBlocking())) { //Serial.print(c); } Serial.print(c); x = c - '0'; while (isdigit(c = readBlocking())) { Serial.print(c); x *= 10; x += c - '0'; } return x; } uint8_t readline(char *buff, uint8_t maxbuff, uint16_t timeout) { uint16_t buffidx = 0; boolean timeoutvalid = true; if (timeout == 0) timeoutvalid = false; while (true) { if (buffidx > maxbuff) { //Serial.println(F("SPACE")); break; } while (Serial.available()) { char c = Serial.read(); //Serial.print(c, HEX); Serial.print("#"); Serial.println(c); if (c == '\r') continue; if (c == 0xA) { if (buffidx == 0) // the first 0x0A is ignored continue; timeout = 0; // the second 0x0A is the end of the line timeoutvalid = true; break; } buff[buffidx] = c; buffidx++; } if (timeoutvalid && timeout == 0) { //Serial.println(F("TIMEOUT")); break; } delay(1); } buff[buffidx] = 0; // null term return buffidx; } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on thecircuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from ArduinoIDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Don’t lose hope if Flex Sensor or LED does not runs properly for the first time, try again. Conclusion: You can successfully interface different devices using the Resistance principle of Flex Sensor.s Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing with MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Module MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitivity to alcohol, and has good resistance to disturbances of gasoline, smoke and vapor. The sensor could be used to detect alcohol with different concentration; it is with low cost and suitable for different application. Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air. When the target alcohol gas exists, sensor’s conductivity is proportional to the gas concentration. Description: 1. Model No: MQ-3. 2. Heater voltage: 5±0.2V. 3. Loop voltage: ≤24V (DC) 4. Load resistance: Adjustable. 5. Heating Resistance: 31Ω±3Ω (Room temperature). 6. Heating Power: ≤ 900mW. 7. Surface thermal resistance: 2Kohm-20Kohm (0.4mg/L alcohol). 8. Sensitivity: Rs (in air)/Rs (0.4mg/L alcohol) ≥ 5. Application Example with Arduino Uno: Connect the MQ-3 alcohol sensor module to Arduino Uno board as shown below: Programming Code /* MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Circuit with Arduino */ const int AOUTpin=A0; //the AOUT pin of the alcohol sensor goes into analog pin A0 of the arduino const int DOUTpin=8; //the DOUT pin of the alcohol sensor goes into digital pin D8 of the arduino const int ledPin=13; //the anode of the LED connects to digital pin D13 of the arduino int limit; int value; void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); pinMode(DOUTpin, INPUT); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { value= analogRead(AOUTpin); //reads the analaog value from the alcohol sensor's AOUT pin limit= digitalRead(DOUTpin); //reads the digital value from the alcohol sensor's DOUT pin Serial.print(" Alcohol value: "); Serial.println(value); //prints the alcohol value Serial.print("Limit: "); Serial.print(limit); //prints the limit reached as either LOW or HIGH (above or underneath) delay(100); if (limit == HIGH) { digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);//if limit has been reached, LED turns on as status indicator } else{ digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //if threshold not reached, LED remains off } } Result: Open up the Serial Monitor with Baud rate of 115200, the alcohol level detected will be shown as analog value. The alcohol limit value can be set with sensitivity potentiometer: if the alcohol level detected is below the set limit, the D0 green indicator will be off. If detected alcohol level is beyond the set limit, the DO LED will light up. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Touch Sensor with Arduino Uno. What is a Touch Sensor? This device uses your body as part of the circuit. When you touch the sensor pad, the capacitance of the circuit is changed and is detected. That detected change in capacitance results in the output changing states. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Touch Sensor 1 Jumper cables 4 Pinout Diagram: Pin of Touch sensor: 1. GND. 2. VCC. 3. SIG Circuit Diagram: Connect the Touch Sensor with Arduino as follows: GND pin of Touch sensor to GND of Arduino VCC pin of Touch Sensor to 5V of Arduino SIG pin of Touch Sensor to digital pin 2 of Arduino. Tested Programming Code: #define ctsPin 2 int ledPin = 13; // pin for the LED void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(ctsPin, INPUT); } void loop() { int ctsValue = digitalRead(ctsPin); if (ctsValue==HIGH) { digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); Serial.println("TOUCHED"); } else{ digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); Serial.println("not touched"); } delay(500); } Precautions: Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. Don’t use loose jumper cables. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. Ensure proper placement of Touch Sensor for correct working. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to see the Touch Sensor working by seeing the Serial monitor whenever it is being touched. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back 4*4 Keypad Interfacing with Arduino UNO. What is a 4*4 Keypad? In embedded devices one of the essential parts is Keypad is used to interact with embedded devices, Keypad is an input device that is used to give the command to the devices, from the calculator to the computer input is given through the keypad. 4×4 Matrix Keypad and how the Arduino Keypad Interface works. A Keypad is an input device that is used to enter passwords, dial a number, browse through the menu and even control robots. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 4*4 Keypad 1 Jumper cables 8 Pinout Diagram: If you have a keypad look for one below. The below diagram is enough for knowing pin configuration. Circuit Diagram: Follow the given pin order for wiring the circuit. As shown in the left diagram. Start from left to right. Keypad Pin 1 (R4) –> Arduino Pin 2 Keypad Pin 2 (R3) –> Arduino Pin 3 Keypad Pin 3 (R2) –> Arduino Pin 4 Keypad Pin 5 (C4) –> Arduino Pin 6 Keypad Pin 6 (C3) –> Arduino Pin 7 Keypad Pin 7 (C2) –> Arduino Pin 8 Keypad Pin 8 (C1) –> Arduino Pin 9 Tested Programming Code: /* ##### 4x4 Membrane Keypad Arduino Interfacing #####Arduino and Keypad Connection Keypad Pin => Arduino Pin 1 => Digital Pin 2 2 => Digital Pin 3 3 => Digital Pin 4 4 => Digital Pin 5 5 => Digital Pin 6 6 => Digital Pin 7 7 => Digital Pin 8 8 => Digital Pin 9* #include const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows const byte COLS = 4; //four columns // Define the Keymap char hexaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = { {'1','2','3','A'}, {'4','5','6','B'}, {'7','8','9','C'}, {'*','0','#','D'} }; byte rowPins[ROWS] = {9, 8, 7, 6}; //connect to the Rows of the keypad pin 8, 7, 6, 5 respectively byte colPins[COLS] = {5, 4, 3, 2}; //connect to the Columns of the keypad pin 4, 3, 2, 1 respectively //initialize an instance of class NewKeypad Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(hexaKeys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS); void setup (){ Serial.begin(9600); } void loop (){ char customKey = customKeypad.getKey(); if (customKey){ Serial.println(customKey); // Send the pressed key value to the arduino serial monitor } } Checking Values on Serial Monitor: After successfully uploading the Program to the Arduino Board, You can check the input given through the keypad on the Serial monitor. Precautions: 1. Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. 5. Connect the Wiper pin of the potentiometer correctly. 6. Don’t lose hope if Keypad does not run properly for the first time, try again Conclusion: You can successfully display inputs given in the keypad on the Serial Monitor in the simplest way using Arduino. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Character Displaying using 8X8 LED Matrix MAX7219 with Arduino Uno What is a Matrix Display? Dot-matrix LED display contains the group of LEDs as a two-dimensional array. They can display different types of characters or a group of characters. Dot-matrix LED display contains the group of LEDs as a two-dimensional array. They can display different types of characters or a group of characters. Dot-matrix display is manufactured in various dimensions. The arrangement of LEDs in the matrix pattern is made in either of the two ways: Row anode-column cathode or Row cathode-column anode. By using this dot matrix display we can reduce the number of pins required for controlling all the LEDs. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 MAX 7219 Display Module 1 Jumper cables 5 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Working: An LED dot matrix consists of an array of LEDs that are connected such that the anode of each LED is connected in the same column and the cathode of each LED is connected in the same row or vice versa . Here each dot represents circular lenses in front of LEDs. This is done to minimize the number of pins required to drive them. For example, an 8X8 matrix of LEDs would need 64 I/O pins, one for each LED pixel. By connecting all the anodes of LEDs in a column and all the cathodes together in a row, the required number of input and output pins is reduced to 16. Each LED will be addressed by its row and column number. Controlling the LED Matrix: Since all the LEDs in a matrix share their positive and negative terminals in each row and column, it is not possible controlling of each LED at the same time. The matrix controlled through each row very quickly by triggering the correct column pins to light the desired LED for that particular row. If the switching is done with a fixed rate, humans can’t see the displaying message, because the human eye can’t detect the images within the milliseconds. Thus the displaying of a message on an LED matrix must be controlled, with the rows being scanned sequentially at a rate greater than 40 MHz while sending out the column data at the same rate. This kind of control can be done by interfacing the LED matrix display with the microcontroller. Interfacing the LED Matrix Display with Microcontroller: Choosing a microcontroller for interfacing with the LED matrix display which is to be controlled is depends on the number of input and output pins needed for controlling all the LEDs in the given matrix display, the amount of current that each pin can source and sink, and the speed at which the microcontroller can send out control signals. With all these specifications, interfacing can be done for LED matrix display with a microcontroller. Tested Programming Code: A library needs to be downloaded and then to be installed. Go to Disk drive where your Arduino IDE is installed and then go to > Program Files>Arduino> Libraries> then Ctrl+V (Paste). https://github.com/riyas-org/max7219/tree/master/MaxMatrix https://github.com/riyas-org/max7219 : Main Link #include int DIN = 7; // DIN pin of MAX7219 module int CLK = 6; // CLK pin of MAX7219 module int CS = 5; // CS pin of MAX7219 module int maxInUse = 1; MaxMatrix m(DIN, CS, CLK, maxInUse); char A[] = {4, 8, B01111110, B00010001, B00010001, B01111110, }; char B[] = {4, 8, B01111111, B01001001, B01001001, B00110110, }; char smile01[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10010101, B10100001, B10100001, B10010101, B01000010, B00111100 }; char smile02[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10010101, B10010001, B10010001, B10010101, B01000010, B00111100 }; char smile03[] = {8, 8, B00111100, B01000010, B10100101, B10010001, B10010001, B10100101, B01000010, B00111100 }; void setup() { m.init(); // MAX7219 initialization m.setIntensity(8); // initial led matrix intensity, 0-15 } void loop() { // Seting the LEDs On or Off at x,y or row,column position m.setDot(6,2,true); delay(1000); m.setDot(6,3,true); delay(1000); m.clear(); // Clears the display for (int i=0; i<8; i++){ m.setDot(i,i,true); delay(300); } m.clear(); // Displaying the character at x,y (upper left corner of the character) m.writeSprite(2, 0, A); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(2, 0, B); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile01); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile02); delay(1000); m.writeSprite(0, 0, smile03); delay(1000); for (int i=0; i<8; i++){ m.shiftLeft(false,false); delay(300); } m.clear(); } Program Description: So first we need to include the MaxMatrix.h library, define the pins to which the module is connected, set how many modules we use and define the MaxMatrix object. For displaying characters, we need to define them in an array of characters or bytes, and here I have several examples. We can notice how the bits are forming the characters which are zeros and ones. In this case, they are rotated 90 degrees but the library example suggests using them in such a way so that would be easier later to implement the shift left custom function for scrolling a text. Precautions: 1. Double Check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check Whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of sensor for correct working. Conclusion: You can successfully program different characters on a matrix display, this display can be combined with many more displays to get a larger display area. Output:: Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of Laser Diode with Arduino Uno. What is a Laser Diode? A laser diode , ( LD ), injection laser diode ( ILD ), or diode laser is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which the laser beam is created at the diode's junction.[1] Laser diodes are the most common type of lasers produced, with a wide range of uses that include fiber optic communications, barcode readers, laser pointers, CD/DVD/Blu-ray disc reading/recording, laser printing, laser scanning and light beam illumination. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 Laser Diode 1 Jumper cables 2 Pinout Diagram: Circuit Diagram: Connect the Laser Diode with Arduino as follows: GND pin of Laser diode to GND of Arduino Signal pin of laser diode to digital pin 8 of Arduino Tested Programming Code: //we define the laser diode on digital pin 8 of Arduino. Int laser = 8 Void setup () { // we define the laser as output. pinMode (laser, OUTPUT); } Void loop () { //here we keep laser ON for half a seconds. digitalWrite (laser, HIGH); //wait for half a seconds . delay (500); // here we keep laser OFF for half a second. digitalWrite (laser, LOW); //wait for half a seconds. delay (500); } Precautions: 1. Double check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of laser diode for correct working. 5. Never look directly into a laser, it will cause eye damage. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to see the red spot on wall. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us

Back Interfacing of 4 Digit Segment Display with Arduino Uno. What is a 4 digit segment display? A seven-segment display ( SSD ), or seven-segment indicator , is a form of an electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic calculators, and other electronic devices that display numerical information. Material Required: Material Quantity Arduino Uno 1 4-digit segment display 1 Jumper cables 4 Pin of 4-digit segment display: 1. GND. 2. VCC. 3. DIO. 4. CLK. Circuit Diagram: Connect the 4 Digit Segment Display with Arduino as follows: GND pin of 4 Digit Segment Display to GND of Arduino VCC pin of 4 Digit Segment Display to 5V of Arduino DIO pin of 4 Digit Segment Display to digital pin 2 of Arduino CLK pin of 4 Digit Segment Display to digital pin 3 of Arduino Library Required You have to download the library for Arduino of 4 Digit Segment Display The link is given below: https://github.com/avishorp/TM1637 Tested Programming Code: #include //Set the CLK pin connection to the display const int CLK = 3 ; //Set the DIO pin connection to the display const int DIO = 2 ; int numCounter = 0 ; //set up the 4-Digit Display. TM1637Display display ( CLK, DIO ) ; void setup () { //set the diplay to maximum brightness display. setBrightness ( 0x0a ) ; } void loop () { //Iterate numCounter for ( numCounter = 0 ; numCounter < 1000 ; numCounter++ ) { //Display the numCounter value; display. showNumberDec ( numCounter ) ; delay ( 1000 ) ; } } Precautions: 1. Double-check the connections before powering on the circuit. 2. Don’t use loose jumper cables. 3. Check whether the proper board is selected from Arduino IDE. 4. Ensure proper placement of 4-digit segment display for correct working. Conclusion: Once your sketch is running, you have to see the 4-digit segment display. It starts display. Reference URL GET IN TOUCH We'd love to hear from you Contact Us